VOA [Voice of America] Africa : November 18, 2019 02:00PM-03:00PM EST
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VOA [Voice of America] Africa : November 18, 2019 02:00PM-03:00PM EST
- Publication date
- 2019-11-18
- Topics
- Radio Program, Divided regions, East Asian countries, Non-lethal weapons, Republics, G20 nations, Human rights abuses, American military personnel of World War II, Abuse, Member states of the United Nations, South China Sea, Tobacco, South Korea, States and territories of Australia, Law, Slave trade, Slavery, Containers, Police ranks, Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Writers from New York City, Human rights, Security, Personhood, Economics, Criminal law, Bags
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- VOA [Voice of America] Africa
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- English
Closed captions transcript:
00:00:00
Rediff Ali Washington riot police in Tbilisi
are using water cannons and launching
00:00:05
volleys of tear gas to protesters who are
blocking the entrance to Parliament until
00:00:10
early elections are called from Washington
this is the only news. Italian state
00:00:16
media says Iran's Iranian state media says
Iran's Revolutionary Guard is warning
00:00:21
anti-government protestors of decisive
action of unrest over gasoline price hikes
00:00:26
do not cease Reuters Emily speckle as more
on the protests every means of taking
00:00:31
their anger over fuel price hikes to the
streets blocking traffic and protesting in
00:00:37
more than 100 cities and towns across Iraq
the government announced on Friday that
00:00:42
the price of
00:00:42
a liter of regular gasoline would rise
explaining the increase was expected to
00:00:48
raise around $2550000000.00
00:00:51
a year extra subsidies for millions of
families on lower incomes since the u.s.
00:00:57
3 impose sanctions on Iran many Iranians
offer straighted by the shop devaluation
00:01:02
of their currency and spikes in the cost
of bread rice and other staples that's
00:01:07
Reuters Emilie's pickle Iraqi security
officials say anti-government demonstrators
00:01:12
in the south have blocked roads
leading to the country's main port
00:01:15
a buzzword Fishel says protested burn
tires on Monday blocking the roads to the
00:01:20
busy port in Baghdad protesters forced the
closure of Iraq's Central Bank there's
00:01:25
been protests around Australia after the
alleged murder in police custody of an
00:01:30
Aboriginal man by
00:01:31
a police officer in the Northern Territory
from Sydney Phil Mercer Report 19 year
00:01:35
old Comanche Walker was shot dead in the
remote Indigenous settlement of Yuendumu
00:01:41
300 kilometers northwest of Alice Springs
in Central Australia he died at the local
00:01:47
police station after 2 police officers tried
to arrest him for parole breaches the
00:01:53
Northern Territory Police allege the
teenager had attacked the office says there
00:01:58
are reports the Aboriginal
man was armed possibly with
00:02:01
a knife but his family argues that unnecessary
force was used and that the police
00:02:07
should have used
00:02:08
a taser an electronic stun gun to subdue
him the death sparked demonstrations in
00:02:14
Alice Springs and. Darwin as well as in
Sydney and Melbourne film Assefa v.o.a.
00:02:19
News Sydney North Korea is responding to
00:02:22
a tweet by President Trump that hinted at
another summit with North Korean leader
00:02:26
Kim Jong un Young Young says it has no
interest in giving Mr Trump further meetings
00:02:31
to brag about unless they get something
substantial in return at least 10 workers
00:02:36
were killed and $35.00 wounded
in an airstrike that hit
00:02:39
a biscuit factory in Libya on
Monday in what a senior u.n.
00:02:42
Official said was
00:02:43
a possible war crime Tripoli has been the
scene of fighting since April between the
00:02:48
self-styled Libyan national army and a ray
of militias loosely allied with the u.n.
00:02:53
Supported government u.s.
00:02:55
Stocks are up in afternoon trading
from Washington I'm Jim tell v.o.a.
00:03:01
News.
00:03:25
Today is Monday Nov
18th and this is v.o.a.
00:03:28
Is international edition I'm Steve Miller
in Washington coming up Hong Kong police
00:03:33
laid siege to
00:03:33
a university firing rubber bullets and
tear gas depend back anti-government
00:03:38
protesters it was the 2nd concerted attempt
by students to flee the urban campus
00:03:43
which has been surrounded by police who
have repeatedly warned they would use
00:03:47
lethal force riot police chased down
students some of whom were covered in blood
00:03:52
and the 1st week of public hearings have
included them present trumps impeachment
00:03:56
herring we take
00:03:57
a look at what's been seen and what's
next Those stories and more coming up.
00:04:04
Hong Kong police laid siege to
00:04:06
a University on Monday firing rubber
bullets and tear gas to pin back
00:04:10
anti-government protesters armed with
petrol bombs and other weapons and to stop
00:04:15
them from fleeing amid fears of
00:04:17
a bloody crackdown dozens choking on the
tear gas trying to leave the Polytechnic
00:04:23
University by breaking
through police lines after
00:04:26
a night of May have been the Chinese
ruled City and which roads were blocked
00:04:30
a bridge set on fire and
00:04:31
a police officer was shot by an arrow
the ways Bill Gallo was there.
00:04:43
Waves of skin on foot from the Hong Kong
Polytechnic University running through
00:04:48
clouds of tear gas as they tried to break
police lines it was the 2nd concerted
00:04:53
attempt by students to flee the urban
campus which has been surrounded by police
00:04:57
who have repeatedly warned they would use
lethal force riot police chased down
00:05:02
students some of whom were covered in blood
it wasn't clear how many escaped the
00:05:07
campus successfully the clashes raised
fears that the siege would end in
00:05:12
a bloody crackdown. Students barricaded
themselves on the campus and several others
00:05:17
across Hong Kong early last week stockpiling
homemade weapons such as petrol bombs
00:05:22
sling shots and bricks police have tried
to break through protester barricades but
00:05:27
were driven back by the protesters early
Monday feel weighs on police arrest dozens
00:05:32
of students who were detained with plastic
wire ties around the wrists some were
00:05:37
marched in front of reporters as they were
taken away towards waiting police vans
00:05:41
Ronald is
00:05:42
a Hong Kong or who says he supports the
students I can't imagine it is happening.
00:05:49
We are like us
00:05:49
a philosophy. We have with us things
are managed by the civilised in my
00:05:56
name. Like. Arresting someone
if tell anybody this was
00:06:04
many things that are beyond dispute.
They face the most vile lot of
00:06:11
noise inside but in an odd way violent
way I just came in response to the
00:06:18
police force thousands of riot and other
police have surrounded the campus of the
00:06:22
Hong Kong Polytechnic University for the
past day warning students to drop their
00:06:26
weapons but a hard core group
shows no signs of surrender
00:06:31
a student protester who is in contact with
friends inside the camp is told v.o.a.
00:06:35
That as many as several 100 more may be
present the clashes are some of the worst
00:06:40
violence since antigovernment protests began
in Hong Kong 5 months ago the students
00:06:45
are calling for democratic reforms in the
semi-autonomous Chinese territory Bill
00:06:49
Gallo b o news Hong Kong Hong Kong's
high court also ruled Monday that
00:06:54
a British colonial era emergency law or
revived by the government to ban protesters
00:06:59
wearing face masks was unconstitutional
and so the law was incompatible with the
00:07:04
basic law the mini constitution under which
Hong Kong returned to Chinese rule in
00:07:09
1997 In addition several Asian airlines
have cut flights to. On Kong for the coming
00:07:14
weeks and industry scheduling publication
showed as anti-government protests in the
00:07:20
city grow increasingly violence and disrupt
daily life these include routes from
00:07:25
the route to Indonesia India's Spice Jet
Malaysia's Air Asia Group South Korea's
00:07:30
Jay-Jay air and Jin air as well as
the Philippines airline and Pacific.
00:07:43
U.s. Lawmakers conducting an
impeachment investigation of u.s.
00:07:47
President dollar Trump are set for
00:07:49
a busy 2nd week of hearings with key witnesses
scheduled to testify 8 more current
00:07:54
and former government officials will appear
before the House Intelligence Committee
00:07:59
for nationally televised sessions and
joining us now on the phone is Joe Paul
00:08:03
professor at the University of California
Hastings Law School Welcome to the
00:08:06
program Joel thanks for having me Steve
so Joe I want to get your opinion on the
00:08:11
1st week of hir exam who had
00:08:14
a stronger case and who needs to do
more this 2nd week. Well I mean the
00:08:21
1st week we heard from the bass here your
bottle ditch testimony shows and then he
00:08:28
said that you're the on
00:08:29
a and that President Trump the bar guitar
as an impediment to them afterwards and
00:08:36
that they and that Giuliani had spread
this information about her intention of
00:08:42
getting her and we heard from
Ambassador. Taylor and from
00:08:50
Ken that. That they were going to
need to check in secret network and
00:08:57
that was for the event that Mr Giuliani
and missed and that's your song land you
00:09:00
were involved in. Which was actually
undermining the question of u.s.
00:09:05
Policy to you know wanted to pressure
Ukraine I truly best to get the bike moving
00:09:10
to. Russia of any responsibility for
each parents in the $26000.00 campaign
00:09:17
I think that. That those cases the
testimony of the trade records from Miller
00:09:24
was very credible and that the challenge
now for the Republicans. To try to come up
00:09:30
with
00:09:30
a coherent explanation as to why the 8 was
too late and and they have not yet succeeded
00:09:36
in doing so well as well the questions I
want to ask you because the defense on the
00:09:41
Republican side has has it shifted
00:09:42
a little bit too there was nothing
wrong to you know it wasn't
00:09:46
a great idea to do this
but it's not and peach
00:09:49
a Bill what in brief terms what is an
impeachable offense. Berman ph on the fence
00:09:56
and i Tunes in bribery or High
Crimes and Misdemeanors the.
00:10:04
Members of Congress are and then shamed
that Mr Trump was involved in bribery or
00:10:10
extortion. With regard to
Ukraine. And this may also
00:10:17
constitute high crimes and misdemeanors
which you say. A term of art been used in
00:10:23
Century to describe as abuse of power so
00:10:26
a crime. May or may not be an abuse of
power and if you see how it may or may not
00:10:33
find it necessary in the open that one of
the things that caught everyone pretty
00:10:38
much off guard on Friday was President Trump
tweeting about Ambassador you have an
00:10:42
image while she was testifying and chairman
Adam Schiff kind of testify that as
00:10:47
possibly
00:10:47
a form of witness and timid ation it
was that going too far by Mr Schiff I
00:10:56
don't I don't think that it's going too
far to say that the president continuing
00:11:02
call out these witnesses and
implicitly to threaten them as
00:11:07
a form of weakness and intimidation and
possibly with this effort I think the other
00:11:12
the other thing which is maybe more
populated president continue to. Prohibit
00:11:18
members of the executive branch take
part and as partners the White House can
00:11:23
testify and I think its efforts to try to
prevent it from going forward and testify
00:11:29
and also constitute that initiative of
tackling we about 20 seconds left I want to
00:11:34
get your take on Roger Stone who is found
guilty on all counts of lying to Congress
00:11:39
and other things related to the mother
investigation what would what does it pose
00:11:43
a threat to the president in terms of the
impeachment inquiry as well. Well I think
00:11:49
the problem with the watchers.
Dictions rather. That it undermines.
00:11:57
The president if he makes try to clear
Russia. Parish for $26.00 to connection or
00:12:03
to say if you can't pay that much. That's
00:12:10
why check the president's reputation.
And. It had contacts with.
00:12:19
That I think it's a problem that
creates a further ahead and it's
00:12:23
a good story that Giuliani wants
to crane which. Action if your
00:12:30
job Paul is
00:12:31
a professor at the University of California
Hastings Law School thank you so much
00:12:35
for your time thank you very much
and you're listening to v.o.a.
00:12:38
News. This is any minute. Neptune is so
00:12:45
far from the gravitational pull of the suns
that it provides the dominant source of
00:12:50
gravity port's planetary community which
includes 14 moons new research from NASA
00:12:55
is Jet Propulsion Laboratory uncovered
some unique choreography between 2 of
00:12:59
Neptune's tiny inner moons Nyad and although
their orbits are only 850 kilometers
00:13:06
apart the moves never get close enough
to collide thanks to what j.p.l.
00:13:10
Experts call a dance of avoidance
Nyad closest enough to has
00:13:14
a tilted orbit and zig zags up and down
in its orbital plane as it circles the
00:13:19
planet in
00:13:20
a repeating pattern known as residents Nyad
passes above the last is orbital plane
00:13:24
for 2 encounters and then passes from below
on the next 2 meetings this up and down
00:13:29
motion provides about 1000 kilometers an
additional spacing distance between the 2
00:13:34
moons as they pass each other
I'm deal ways Rick can tell
00:13:38
a 0. The
00:13:47
ways international edition continues I'm
Steve Miller the United States and South
00:13:52
Korea have indefinitely postponed
00:13:54
a joint military exercise maybe
correspondent been Thomas has more.
00:14:07
Sorry we don't appear to have that audio
we'll continue on with today's news North
00:14:12
Korea on Monday responded
to a tweet by u.s.
00:14:15
President Don Trump that hinted at another
summit between North Korean leader Kim
00:14:19
Jong un saying that has no interest in
giving Mr Trump further meetings to brag
00:14:24
about it unless something is substantial
is given in return this comes on the heels
00:14:30
of the u.s.
00:14:31
Asking its to close allies South Korea Korea
and Japan in the region to substantially
00:14:36
increase the cost burden for hosting u.s.
00:14:39
Military forces in their countries joining
us now on the phone is Bruce Clinger
00:14:44
senior research fellow for northeast Asia
at the Heritage Foundation welcome to the
00:14:48
program well thanks for having me back Steve
it's great to have you with us I want
00:14:52
to ask you about the trumpet ministration
asking South Korea and Japan to really
00:14:58
substantiate substantially increase this
car show sharing burden what is the
00:15:04
implication for u.s.
00:15:05
Foreign policy in the region with those
going to asks coming out well the president
00:15:10
is asking really for exponentially larger
compensation from both South Korea Japan
00:15:15
for hosting u.s. Forces there really
00:15:18
a 500 percent increase in South Korea
and as yet unknown number but perhaps
00:15:23
a 4 fold increase with from Japan so it
really is putting the the alliance is more
00:15:28
on
00:15:28
a transactional relationship the president
has repeatedly emphasized the cost and the
00:15:35
compensation for years the u.s.
00:15:37
Was saying that the cost of our forces in
South Korea was approximately 1500000000
00:15:42
perhaps 2000000000. And last
round of negotiations the u.s.
00:15:48
Was asking for cost plus 50 percent
of sort of implying we want to make
00:15:52
a profit on our forces overseas and now
that the demand is is even higher than that
00:15:58
it has incredible off. Does it risk these
countries saying we don't want the u.s.
00:16:05
Forces there there is very
much that risk we're seeing
00:16:09
a growing criticism in the conservative
South Korean media against the u.s.
00:16:13
Demands and talking to u.s.
00:16:15
Officials they say they have no idea where
this $5000000000.00 figure came from the
00:16:19
president just kind of pulled it out of
thin air and now they have to scramble and
00:16:22
justify why it seemingly makes sense you
know and then I've talked to conservative
00:16:28
lawmakers in South Korea who said even
last year's smaller demand risked creating
00:16:36
or resurging anti-Americanism in the
south and things are going to get very
00:16:40
political in South Korea there's
00:16:42
a national assembly election in April so
any deal that signed when it would have to
00:16:47
be done by the end of the year would have
to be ratified by the National Assembly
00:16:51
who would just allow
00:16:52
a few months later be facing election
prospects we're talking East Asia here so
00:16:57
Japan of course with that
00:16:59
a 400 percent or so increase but
Japan also hosts you know the u.s.
00:17:05
Fleet that's out there if they
in turn passed or can't work out
00:17:10
a new agreement what would that mean for
the United States in the region Well it it
00:17:15
you know I think just the basic issue
of alliances is that they are in u.s.
00:17:20
Strategic interests you know we tried
isolation and isolationism in the 1930 s.
00:17:25
Didn't work out very well and to sort of
withdraw into the castle and raise the
00:17:30
drawbridge and hope that we remain safe
behind our borders in our oceans Well again
00:17:37
911 didn't work out very well for us by
trying to withdraw from the world so it is
00:17:41
in our interest to be overseas to have
alliances It's like having policemen walking
00:17:46
around in bad neighborhoods they're trying
to deter crime and if crime does occur
00:17:51
then they can respond more quickly and
effectively so the same is true of our
00:17:54
forces overseas are trying to deter North
Korea and others from doing provoked.
00:18:00
Ivar deadly actions and to see it as some
kind of money making operation or even
00:18:05
cost neutral really goes against what has
been post World War 2 strategy Bruce
00:18:10
Kluger is
00:18:11
a senior research fellow for northeast
Asia at the Heritage Foundation thank you
00:18:15
very much for joining us well
thanks for having me Steve.
00:18:26
An airstrike slammed into
00:18:27
a biscuit factory in Libya's capital Tripoli
on Monday killing at least 7 workers
00:18:32
including 5 foreign nationals and 2 Libyans
according to health authorities Tripoli
00:18:38
has been the scene of fighting since
April between the self-styled laboring
00:18:42
national army and an array of
militias loosely allied with the u.n.
00:18:46
Supported but weak government which holds
the capital Yemen's internationally
00:18:51
recognized government return to the war
torn country Monday for the 1st time since
00:18:55
it was forced out by Southern separatists
during clashes last summer. China heard
00:19:01
the u.s. Military does not flexing
muscles in the disputed South China Sea
00:19:05
a point of persistent friction in
00:19:07
a relationship both sides
was generally improving
00:19:11
a spokesman for the Chinese Ministry of
Defense told reporters Bangkok to the South
00:19:16
China Sea was among numerous issues
discussed earlier in the day when u.s.
00:19:20
Defense secretary Mark Asper Helo's 1st
face to face meeting with the Chinese
00:19:25
defense minister. Protesters in Lebanon
00:19:32
came out and mass on Sunday marking
00:19:34
a full month of demonstrations
against government corruption and
00:19:38
a host of other grievances but after all
this time in the streets are demonstrators
00:19:42
any closer to achieving their goals via
ways Heather Murdoch has this report from
00:19:47
Beirut and Tripoli every day for the past
month protestors in Lebanon have rallied
00:19:52
in the streets calling for the country's
political in the to step down they demand
00:19:57
an end to corruption and better services
like electricity water and health care
00:20:02
some decry human rights abuses or call for
amnesty for political prisoners outside
00:20:08
of Tripoli that in arms 2nd City demonstrators
make roadblocks trying to pressure
00:20:13
the government live in the glittering can
we are in the streets every day. For
00:20:18
a month because they authorities are corrupt
and we don't believe they are taking
00:20:24
care of our country are you. Going to ask
you not going to in Beirut the roads to
00:20:30
the parliament building are cut off by
security forces some protesters camped out
00:20:35
nearby at night demonstrators rallying
expressing their rage and celebrating what
00:20:41
they call Lebanon's revolution the government
has promised some reforms and Prime
00:20:46
Minister Saad Hariri has resigned.
But the latest pick for
00:20:50
a prime minister former finance minister
Mohammad Safadi turned down the job saying
00:20:56
the current leadership
is too divided to form
00:20:59
a harmonious cabinet. Meanwhile protesters
say they don't want any of the political
00:21:05
parties in power making the transition
they're looking for turkey on the euro is
00:21:10
all but out of this it. Is very complicated
because this is not an issue about
00:21:15
stimulating with leaders like other countries
but there are many people with power
00:21:18
and corruption is deeply rooted here and I
thought I was going to tell you that on
00:21:23
those agreed to it. Was one of the month
has been mostly peaceful with the
00:21:27
exception of some clashes and the death of
00:21:30
a protester but some locals say Lebanon's
economy is already spiraling in crisis
00:21:37
and the upheaval is making it impossible
to recover even if the protesters demands
00:21:42
are met some say it may not help. Them
out it will just be another group of
00:21:49
people who want power taking it from the
current government to the power if you
00:21:52
will that are heading into
00:21:54
a 2nd month of demonstrations the movement
still appears to remain without distinct
00:21:59
leaders and it leaves to be seen if the
protests will escalate dissipate or morph
00:22:05
into something entirely different
Heather Murdoch v.o.a.
00:22:08
News Beirut there have been protests around
Australia after the alleged murder and
00:22:13
police custody of an Aboriginal man by
00:22:15
a police officer in the Northern Territory
Phil Mercer has the details on teen year
00:22:21
old Comanche war was shot dead in the remote
Indigenous settlements of Yuendumu 300
00:22:28
kilometers north west of Alice Springs in
Central Australia he died at the local
00:22:33
police station off to 2 police offices
to try to arrest him for parole breaches
00:22:40
Northern Territory Police allege the
teenager had attacked the offices there are
00:22:44
reports the Aboriginal man
was arms possibly with
00:22:48
a knife but he. Family argues that unnecessary
force was used and that the police
00:22:53
should have used to taser an electronic
stun gun to subdue him the death sparked
00:22:59
demonstrations in Alice Springs and Darwin
as well as in Sydney in Melbourne boogy
00:23:05
Sumner an indigenous elder believes police
stationed in Aboriginal settlements
00:23:10
shouldn't be allowed to carry guns. Armed.
00:23:16
Community. You take to war you don't
00:23:24
go to
00:23:24
a place where you're going to be friendly
toward. To protect them. Why not you
00:23:31
know to protect. The accused officer intends
to plead not guilty according to the
00:23:38
police union or Curry is the 2nd Aboriginal
person to have died in the past 2
00:23:44
months after being shot by police Joyce
Clark who was 29 was fatally wounded in
00:23:50
Western Australia in September or Thor it
is say the investigation into her death
00:23:55
is continuing a royal
commission in the late 1980 s.
00:24:00
Investigated Aboriginal
Deaths in Custody over
00:24:03
a 10 year periods but few of the inquiries
330 recommendations were implemented
00:24:10
in 2017 prominent Indigenous rights campaign
and all Pearson said that Aboriginal
00:24:16
Australians were the most incarcerated
people on planet Earth official figures
00:24:22
released in September show that Aboriginal
prisoners represented 28 percent of the
00:24:28
total full time adult inmate population
in Australia the nation's original
00:24:34
inhabitants make up just over 3 percent of
the Australian population film or so for
00:24:40
v.o.a.
00:24:41
News Sydney the World Health Organization
is calling for stricter regulations on
00:24:46
the marketing and sales of East cigarettes
as more and. Term Asian comes to light
00:24:51
about their potentially harmful impact
these are reports for view way from w.h.o.
00:24:56
Headquarters in Geneva health officials
are increasingly worried about the risks
00:25:01
posed by East cigarettes as reported
cases of deaths and illnesses from these
00:25:06
devices spread from the United States to
Europe and beyond they see the recent
00:25:12
death of
00:25:12
a young man in Belgium and reports of they
being related illnesses in the Philippines
00:25:17
and other countries in the world as
00:25:19
a call to action the World Health Organization
says it is disturbed that babying
00:25:25
devices continue to be marketed as products
that are healthy and they can wean
00:25:30
smokers off their
nicotine addiction w.h.o.
00:25:33
Spokesman Christian
Lindenmayer tells v.o.a.
00:25:36
These industry health claims are unproven
while these electronic nicotine delivery
00:25:42
systems may be less toxic than conventional
cigarettes This is not make them
00:25:47
harmless they produce. The vapor that
contain toxicants that can result
00:25:54
in
00:25:54
a range of significant pathological changes.
Designs pose health risks from nonsmokers
00:26:01
to minors to pregnant women all of those
who should not use our systems the u.s.
00:26:07
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
has confirmed at least 42 deaths in 24
00:26:13
states and the District of Columbia and
more than 2100 illnesses related to babying
00:26:19
products they being is an extremely profitable
growth industry the number of people
00:26:25
using babying devices has increased
from 7000000 in 2011 to $41000000.00 in
00:26:31
2018 profits have nearly tripled
from 6900000000 dollars 5 years ago
00:26:38
to more than $19000000000.00 today getting
the tobacco industry to refrain from the
00:26:44
sale of electronic smoking devices will
be extremely difficult for the world.
00:26:49
Health Organization says long term studies
of health implications of electronic
00:26:55
nicotine devices should begin
in the mean time the u.n.
00:26:58
Health agency is issuing recommendations
that in some ways never Those an actor to
00:27:05
control tobacco use w.h.o.
00:27:07
Says there should be
00:27:09
a baton on the promotion of electronic
nicotine delivery systems to non smokers
00:27:15
pregnant women and youth measures should
be taken to minimize the potential risks
00:27:20
to users and others from these devices
and the tobacco industry should be
00:27:25
prohibited from using unproven health claims
to market they being products he says
00:27:31
shrine for v.o.a.
00:27:32
News Geneva the Washington Post reports
that the Trungpa ministration is backing
00:27:37
away from
00:27:37
a plan to enforce bans on flavored fates
after receiving pushback from the industry
00:27:43
and users and that's going to do it
for us today you've been listening to
00:27:47
international edition on The Voice of
America on behalf of our producer Dan Brown
00:27:52
engineer John Dryden and managing editor
Paul Alexander thank you very much for
00:27:57
listening don't forget you can find in-depth
news and stories on our website until
00:28:02
next time I'm Steve
Miller in Washington have
00:28:05
a great day. Welcome
00:28:20
to learning the English daily 30 minute
program from the Voice of America I'm
00:28:26
Jonathan evidence and I'm Ashley Thompson
this program is aimed at English learners
00:28:33
so we speak
00:28:34
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:28:41
English. Today on the program
00:28:48
you will hear from John Russell Mario Ritter
Jr and Brian Len later we will present
00:28:55
our American history series The Making of
00:28:58
a nation. But 1st here is
John Russell. A new study
00:29:05
says that
00:29:05
a change in health recommendations my to
lead to lower cholesterol levels and more
00:29:12
treatment for people with high
levels of heart disease risk Dr punk
00:29:19
Aurora of the University of Alabama
at Birmingham led the study
00:29:26
the news is very heartening Arora
said but there is more to do
00:29:33
Heart disease is the world's leading
killer and high cholesterol is
00:29:39
a key risk factor Doctors have long
treated patients based mostly on their
00:29:46
level of so-called bad
cholesterol known as l.d.l.
00:29:53
In 2013 new guidelines in the
United States urged doctors to
00:30:00
examine people's overall heart
risk in other words the guidelines
00:30:06
recommended that doctors consider age
blood pressure diabetes and other
00:30:13
factors the idea was that people with
the highest risk would get the most
00:30:19
benefit from cholesterol lowering
medications called statens The researchers
00:30:26
studied records from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention these
00:30:33
records tracked cholesterol information
from more than 32000 adults
00:30:40
between 252016 among people taking
00:30:47
statens the average level of bad
cholesterol dropped 21 points
00:30:54
over the study period. Total cholesterol
levels and another kind of fat in the
00:31:01
blood also decreased the researchers
reported their findings in the Journal
00:31:08
of the American College of
Cardiology Dr Michael Miller is
00:31:13
a heart disease expert at the University
of Maryland Medical Center he was not
00:31:20
involved with the study Miller said
these are surprisingly impressive
00:31:26
results that together predict
00:31:29
a 15 to 20 percent reduction in
risk of heart attacks and strokes
00:31:36
in addition there was an increase in Staten
used by people with diabetes over the
00:31:43
study period that number increased
from less than half to over 60 percent
00:31:51
it's very important for those with
00:31:53
a diagnosis of diabetes to not get
that 1st heart attack said Dr
00:32:00
Neil j.
00:32:01
Stone of Northwestern University stone
led the development of the 2013
00:32:08
guidelines from the American College
of Cardiology and the American Heart
00:32:13
Association he also co-wrote
an update last year after
00:32:19
a rural warned that other high risk
groups have not seen an increase in
00:32:26
treatment. He added that still too
many people do not know if they have
00:32:32
a cholesterol problem they had Vice for
patients Dr Miller suggested getting
00:32:39
a cholesterol check if you have not
had one recently. I'm John Russell.
00:33:11
A 23 year old British woman has invented
00:33:15
a product she hopes Well one
day replace single use plastic
00:33:23
the new product is made by
combining fishing waste and algae
00:33:30
it could be used to replace plastic bags
or containers that people use one it's
00:33:38
an throw away Lucy Hughes
created the material called
00:33:45
Marina tax for her final year
project at the University of Sussex
00:33:52
the Reuters news agency says she continued
her research after she left the
00:33:58
university on Nov 13th the James Di Sun
00:34:05
Foundation announced that Hughes was
the international winner of the
00:34:11
2019 James Dyson award for design
00:34:18
Marine attacks is edible meaning
and can be without danger
00:34:24
Hughes says it also is strong
and stable. But unlike plastic
00:34:31
Marina attacks biodegrades in
$4.00 to $6.00 weeks under normal
00:34:38
conditions and does not pollute
the soil the inventor said
00:34:45
she is concerned about the growing
amounts of plastics in ocean waters
00:34:53
she noted one report that there would be
more plastic then fish in the world's
00:34:59
oceans by the year 2050 the United Nations
00:35:06
estimates that $100000000.00 tonnes of
plastic waste has already been left
00:35:13
in the oceans Hughes also was
investigating ways to reduce the
00:35:20
amount of waste from the fishing
industry the industry produces an
00:35:26
estimated $50000000.00 tonnes of
waste worldwide each year u.n.
00:35:33
Officials say huge told
Reuters that she was
00:35:40
trying to work out how I could use
the waste stream and add value to
00:35:46
that waste examining fish parts
left over from processing
00:35:54
help to give her the idea for
00:35:57
a material that was useful and
did not harm the environment
00:36:04
why do we need to have hundreds of
manmade polymers when nature has so
00:36:11
many already available she asked to create
00:36:16
a strong material Hughes
added the molecule Kut-O.
00:36:21
San which comes from sea
creatures like crabs and Gar
00:36:28
substance from red algae. After
months of testing Hughes
00:36:34
produced
00:36:35
a strong flexible sheet that forms
at temperatures below $100.00
00:36:42
degrees Celsius inventor
James Dyson said that
00:36:48
Marine attacks is stronger safer
and much more sustainable
00:36:55
than the plastic polyethylene it
is also easier to break down or
00:37:02
compost then other possible
replacement products for polyethylene
00:37:10
the material that single use
plastic bags are made of
00:37:16
Hughes will receive about $41000.00
in prize money as the 1st
00:37:23
place winner of the James Dyson
award she told Reuters that
00:37:30
she plans to use the money to further
develop the product and ways to mass
00:37:37
produce it. Further research and
development will ensure that
00:37:44
Marine attacks evolves
further and becomes part of
00:37:49
a global answer to the abundance
of single use plastic waste Dyson
00:37:55
said. I'm Mario Rhetor Jr.
00:38:24
A new study suggests that dog training
methods based on negative punishments
00:38:31
can cause long term harm to the
animal much research in the
00:38:38
past has studied training methods in
general including for dogs working with
00:38:44
police or with search and rescue
operations but the latest
00:38:51
study centered on dogs kept as
companion animals for humans
00:38:58
such dogs are often considered part of
the family and need training on how to
00:39:04
behave around people
researchers from Portugal's
00:39:11
University of Porto led the study
the researchers carried out
00:39:18
experiments involving 2 kinds of
dog training methods of verse of
00:39:24
and reward based aversive methods
depend on the use of some
00:39:31
kind of negative action in
answer to unwanted behaviors.
00:39:38
Examples of this include shouting pushing
or pulling the dog to force it to do
00:39:45
something or using special collars
that put pressure on the neck
00:39:52
reward based methods involve giving
the dog food praise or attention when
00:39:58
the animal completes wanted
behaviors the study included 92
00:40:05
dogs that were attending training
schools in Portugal 50 of the dogs
00:40:12
received aversive training while 42
were trained using reward based methods
00:40:20
the experiments were designed to measure
both short term and long term effects of
00:40:26
the 2 training methods the dogs
were video recorded during training
00:40:33
sessions so researchers could observe
their reactions to the training
00:40:40
researchers also collected mouth fluid from
the dogs before and after the training
00:40:46
to test for levels of
00:40:48
a stress causing hormone
called cortisol researchers
00:40:55
reported that dogs from the aversive
training group were observed to have more
00:41:01
stress related behaviors than those
in the reward based group they also
00:41:08
showed increased levels of cortisol
The study suggests these results
00:41:14
clearly demonstrate the short term
effects of verse of training methods
00:41:22
another part of the experiment was designed
to measure the long term effects of the
00:41:27
2 different methods This involved the
dogs taking part in an exercise about
00:41:34
a month after the training
sessions the dogs were put in
00:41:39
a room containing food bowls.
Researchers observed how quickly and
00:41:46
excitedly The dogs went to the polls
the researchers reported that the dogs
00:41:53
receiving aversive training were observed
to be more pessimistic in behaviors in
00:41:59
the room than the ones trained
with rewards the latest studies
00:42:05
supports earlier research on the
effectiveness of reward based training
00:42:13
many other studies have suggested that
food is the best reward to get dogs to
00:42:19
perform the behaviors we want
one of those studies was led by
00:42:26
Eric a few bucker
00:42:28
a professor at for junior Tech in
Blacksburg Virginia her study compared
00:42:35
a food reward to
00:42:37
a reward of petting or praising the
animal few bucker told the Associated
00:42:44
Press the dogs were clear about what
reward they liked better vill work
00:42:51
harder and respond faster for food
then for social interaction she said
00:42:59
few bucks are noted for example that
research has found that dogs were likely to
00:43:05
stay near
00:43:06
a person praising them for the same amount
of time as if they were being ignored
00:43:14
Zazi Todd is the writer of
00:43:16
a forthcoming book called Wag the
science of making your dog happy she
00:43:23
told the a.p.
00:43:24
That people clearly should not expect
00:43:27
a dog to obey just because they
love them if only it was like that
00:43:34
she said tada added If your
boss stopped paying you you'd
00:43:41
probably stop going to work pretty quickly
you need to motivate your dog to.
00:43:49
Some dog trainers teach the use of life
rewards which could include play or
00:43:55
taking the dog for
00:43:57
a walk Tod says these can be
useful especially to help keep
00:44:03
behaviors the dog has already
learned however for most everyday
00:44:09
behaviors most people want to teach
food rewards are just quicker and
00:44:16
easier she said I am Brian Len.
00:44:34
Welcome to the making of a
nation American history in vo
00:44:40
a special English in October of $1859.00
00:44:45
a group of anti-slavery extremists
attacked the town of Harpers Ferry
00:44:52
Harpers Ferry was part of Virginia then
today it is located in West Virginia
00:45:00
the attackers were led by John
Browne they seized a gun factory and
00:45:06
a Federal Supply center where military
equipment was kept they planned to use the
00:45:13
guns and equipment to organize
00:45:15
a rebel army of slaves
Harry Monroe and cake
00:45:20
a lad tell us what happened to John
Brown after he seized Harper's Ferry
00:45:28
the president of the United
States in 859 was James Buchanan
00:45:34
when Buchanan learned of the attack
he wanted immediate action he sent
00:45:41
a force of Marines to Harpers Ferry under
the command of Army Colonel Robert
00:45:48
e.
00:45:48
Lee. John Brown had attacked
with about 20 men several
00:45:56
including 2 of his sons had
been killed by local militia
00:46:03
he and his remaining men with a grew to
00:46:07
a small brick building. Be
00:46:10
a track had failed not one slave
had come to Harpers Ferry
00:46:17
to help Brown the few whom his
men had freed had refused
00:46:24
to fight when the shootings started
Brown could not understand the
00:46:31
fear that kept the slaves from
fighting for their freedom
00:46:38
Brown and his men were trapped
inside the brick building they held
00:46:43
a few hostages whom they hoped to
exchange for their freedom Colonel Levy
00:46:50
wrote
00:46:51
a message to John Brown demanding his
surrender he did not think Brown would
00:46:57
surrender peaceably so he planned to
attack as soon as Brown rejected the
00:47:04
message he felt this was the surest
way to save the lives of the hostages
00:47:12
as expected Brown refused to surrender
he said he and his men had the
00:47:19
right to go free as soon as Brown
spoke the signal was given the
00:47:25
Marines attacked they broke open
00:47:29
a small hole in the door of the brick
building one by one the Marines move
00:47:36
through the hole they fought hand to
hand against the men inside after
00:47:42
a brief fight they won John
Brown's rebellion was crushed.
00:47:49
A few hours after Brown was captured the
governor of Virginia and 3 Congressman
00:47:56
arrived in Harpers Ferry they
wanted to question Brown Brown
00:48:03
had been wounded in the final attack
he was weak from the loss of blood but
00:48:10
he welcomed the chance to explain
his actions the oficial 1st
00:48:17
asked where Brown got the money to
are going to eyes his raid Brown
00:48:23
said he raised the most of it himself
he refused to give the names of
00:48:30
any of his supporters then Leo
officials asked why Brown
00:48:37
had come to Harpers Ferry we came
to free the slaves Brown said
00:48:45
and only that he continued I
think that you are guilty
00:48:52
of
00:48:52
a great wrong against God and humanity
I believe anyone would be perfectly
00:48:59
right to interfere with you so far
as to free those you wickedly
00:49:06
hold in slavery I think
I did right you had
00:49:13
better all you people of the
South prepare yourselves for
00:49:19
a settlement sooner than you are
prepared for it you may get rid of
00:49:25
me very easily I am
nearly gone now but this
00:49:32
question is still to be settled
this negro question I mean.
00:49:39
That is not yet ended.
00:49:54
The raid on Harper's Ferry increased the
bitterness of the national dispute over
00:50:00
slavery members of the
Democratic Party called the raid
00:50:06
a plot by the Republican Party
Republican leaders deny the
00:50:12
charge they said the raid
was the work of one man one
00:50:18
madman John Brown still
they said he had acted for
00:50:25
a good reason to end slavery
in America Southern newspapers
00:50:32
condemned Brown Some said his
raid was an act of war some
00:50:39
demanded that he be executed as
00:50:41
a thief and murderer and then he saw
the nurse said all of the North was
00:50:47
responsible for the raid they
believed all northerners wanted
00:50:53
a slave rebellion in the
south and it was such
00:50:57
a rebellion that Southerners feared
more than anything else new measures
00:51:04
were approved throughout the South to
prevent this military law was declared in
00:51:11
some areas slave owners threatening
to beat or hang any negro who
00:51:18
even looked rebellious The fear of
00:51:22
a slave rebellion and united the
people of the South for years rich
00:51:29
slave owners had talked of taking the
southern states out of the Union to
00:51:35
save their way of life. But
those who had no slaves
00:51:42
opposed to the idea of disunion
John Brown's raid changed
00:51:49
that after his attack on Harper's
Ferry the south spoke with one
00:51:56
voice all Southerners declared that
they would fight to protect their
00:52:03
homes from
00:52:04
a negro rebellion or from another
attack by men like brown
00:52:11
feelings were especially high in Virginia
the state in which the raid took
00:52:18
place virgin Younes wanted Brown
punished quickly to show what would
00:52:25
happen to anyone who tried to lead
00:52:29
a negro rebellion there was some
question whether Brown should be
00:52:36
tried in a federal court or
00:52:39
a state court Brown's raid took
place within the borders of
00:52:45
a state but the property he says
belonged to the federal government
00:52:53
the governor of Virginia
decided to try brown in
00:52:57
a state court he believed
00:53:00
a federal court trial would take too
long if Brown were not brought to
00:53:06
trial quickly he said people might
attack the jail and kill him.
00:53:31
Brown was being held in Charles Town
00:53:34
a few kilometers from Harpers
Ferry. The court there named 2
00:53:40
lawyers to defend him
00:53:43
a doctor examined Brown he reported
that Brown's wounds were not serious
00:53:50
enough to prevent the trial
from starting Brown lay in
00:53:55
a bed in the courtroom throughout the
trial John Brown's lawyers tried to
00:54:02
show that his family had
00:54:04
a history of madness they tried to
prove that brown too was mad they
00:54:11
asked
00:54:11
a court to declare him innocent because
of insanity Brown protested he
00:54:18
said the lawyers were just trying to
save his life he did not want such
00:54:24
a defense the matter of
insanity was dropped Brown's
00:54:31
lawyers then argued that he was not
guilty of the 3 crimes with which he
00:54:38
was charged 1st they said he
could not be guilty of treason
00:54:45
against a Virginia because he was not
00:54:48
a citizen of Virginia 2nd he
could not be guilty of plotting
00:54:54
a slave rebellion because he had never
incited slaves against their owners
00:55:02
and 3rd he could not begin to of
murder because he had killed only in
00:55:09
self defense the trial lasted 5 days the
00:55:16
jury found John Brown guilty
of all 3 charges. The
00:55:22
judge asked Brown if he wanted to make
00:55:26
a statement before being sentenced
Brown did he declared that he had
00:55:32
not planned to start
00:55:34
a slave rebellion he said he only wanted
to free some slaves and take them to
00:55:41
Canada Brown's statement was
strong but it was not true
00:55:47
he had in fact planned to organize an army
of slaves to fight for their freedom.
00:55:55
He acted in the belief that slaves throughout
the South would rise up against their
00:56:01
owners and join he and Brown's
words did not move the judge
00:56:08
he said he could find no reason to question
the jury's decision that Brown was
00:56:14
guilty he sentenced Brown
to be hanged one of Brown's
00:56:20
supporters attempted to find
00:56:23
a way to free Brown from jail
several plans were proposed
00:56:29
none were tried Brown himself
did not want to escape
00:56:36
he said he could do more to destroy
slavery by hanging than by staying
00:56:43
alive John Brown was
executed on December 2nd
00:56:50
1859 his death created
00:56:54
a wave of public emotion throughout
the country in the north people more
00:57:01
and one man wrote the advent
of the last month or 2 have
00:57:08
done more to build northern opposition
to slavery than anything which has
00:57:15
ever happened before than all the
enterprise slavery pamphlets and books
00:57:22
that have ever been written.
He in the south people cheered
00:57:29
but their happiness at Brown's punishment
was mixed with anger at those who honored
00:57:36
him as the nation prepared for
00:57:39
a presidential election year the
South renewed its promise to defend
00:57:46
slavery or leave the Union. And that's
00:57:53
our program for today listen again
tomorrow to learn English 3 stories from
00:57:59
around the world I'm Jonathan
Evans and I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:58:18
This is the News I'm Melissa Melton
dozens of Hong Kong protesters staged
00:58:23
a dramatic escape from
00:58:24
a university campus sealed off by the
lease they slid down plastic osing from
00:58:28
a bridge and fled on waiting motorbikes
the Bill Gallo has more on the protests
00:58:33
was waves excuse
00:58:41
me on foot and the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University running through clouds of tear
00:58:45
gas is the try to break police lines it
was the 2nd concerted attempt by students
00:58:50
to free the urban campus which has been
surrounded by police who have repeatedly
00:58:55
warned they would use lethal force riot
police chased down students some of whom
00:59:00
were covered in blood it wasn't clear how
many have escaped the campus successfully
00:59:05
the clashes raised fears
that the siege would end in
00:59:08
a bloody crackdown police have tried to
break through protester barricades but were
00:59:13
driven back by the protesters Bill
Gallo b o news Hong Kong u.s.
00:59:18
President Donald Trump says he might be
willing to testify in the impeachment and
00:59:22
gray over his dealings with Ukraine Rita
Foley has more president says he will
00:59:27
strongly consider testifying in the impeachment
investigation the president says he
00:59:32
did nothing wrong and he doesn't like
giving credibility do they know due process
00:59:37
hoax but he suggested in a pair of tweets
he might testify in writing this comes
00:59:43
a day after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
publicly invited the president to tell his
00:59:48
side of the story saying that if he has
information that exonerates him they would
00:59:52
look forward to hearing it read Avali
Washington Human Rights Watch says fatal
00:59:58
attacks on protesters in Sudan in June may
amount to crimes against humanity the
01:00:03
group has released
01:00:04
a new report detailing the Sudanese
security forces abuse of protesters from
01:00:11
Washington d.c. You're listening to v.o.a.
01:00:13
News. Iranian state media says Iran's
Revolutionary Guards are warning
01:00:20
anti-government protestors of decisive
action if unrest over gasoline price hikes
01:00:25
don't doesn't cease the protest have spread
across the country since Friday in Iraq
01:00:30
protesters have once again blocked the
entrance to the port near Basra Reuters
01:00:35
Emily cicle has more protestors of once
again block the entrance to Iraq's
01:00:41
commodities pull. The standoff is preventing
employees and tank is from entering
01:00:47
and has brought operations down by 50
percent one source told if it continues
01:00:53
operations will come to
01:00:54
a complete halt by the end of the day since
anti-government protests began early
01:00:59
October the port is being blocked twice
before but protesters who are demanding the
01:01:05
overthrow of
01:01:06
a political class seen as corrupt and
beholden to foreign interests have shown no
01:01:11
sign of backing down despite the fact.
00:00:00
Rediff Ali Washington riot police in Tbilisi
are using water cannons and launching
00:00:05
volleys of tear gas to protesters who are
blocking the entrance to Parliament until
00:00:10
early elections are called from Washington
this is the only news. Italian state
00:00:16
media says Iran's Iranian state media says
Iran's Revolutionary Guard is warning
00:00:21
anti-government protestors of decisive
action of unrest over gasoline price hikes
00:00:26
do not cease Reuters Emily speckle as more
on the protests every means of taking
00:00:31
their anger over fuel price hikes to the
streets blocking traffic and protesting in
00:00:37
more than 100 cities and towns across Iraq
the government announced on Friday that
00:00:42
the price of
00:00:42
a liter of regular gasoline would rise
explaining the increase was expected to
00:00:48
raise around $2550000000.00
00:00:51
a year extra subsidies for millions of
families on lower incomes since the u.s.
00:00:57
3 impose sanctions on Iran many Iranians
offer straighted by the shop devaluation
00:01:02
of their currency and spikes in the cost
of bread rice and other staples that's
00:01:07
Reuters Emilie's pickle Iraqi security
officials say anti-government demonstrators
00:01:12
in the south have blocked roads
leading to the country's main port
00:01:15
a buzzword Fishel says protested burn
tires on Monday blocking the roads to the
00:01:20
busy port in Baghdad protesters forced the
closure of Iraq's Central Bank there's
00:01:25
been protests around Australia after the
alleged murder in police custody of an
00:01:30
Aboriginal man by
00:01:31
a police officer in the Northern Territory
from Sydney Phil Mercer Report 19 year
00:01:35
old Comanche Walker was shot dead in the
remote Indigenous settlement of Yuendumu
00:01:41
300 kilometers northwest of Alice Springs
in Central Australia he died at the local
00:01:47
police station after 2 police officers tried
to arrest him for parole breaches the
00:01:53
Northern Territory Police allege the
teenager had attacked the office says there
00:01:58
are reports the Aboriginal
man was armed possibly with
00:02:01
a knife but his family argues that unnecessary
force was used and that the police
00:02:07
should have used
00:02:08
a taser an electronic stun gun to subdue
him the death sparked demonstrations in
00:02:14
Alice Springs and. Darwin as well as in
Sydney and Melbourne film Assefa v.o.a.
00:02:19
News Sydney North Korea is responding to
00:02:22
a tweet by President Trump that hinted at
another summit with North Korean leader
00:02:26
Kim Jong un Young Young says it has no
interest in giving Mr Trump further meetings
00:02:31
to brag about unless they get something
substantial in return at least 10 workers
00:02:36
were killed and $35.00 wounded
in an airstrike that hit
00:02:39
a biscuit factory in Libya on
Monday in what a senior u.n.
00:02:42
Official said was
00:02:43
a possible war crime Tripoli has been the
scene of fighting since April between the
00:02:48
self-styled Libyan national army and a ray
of militias loosely allied with the u.n.
00:02:53
Supported government u.s.
00:02:55
Stocks are up in afternoon trading
from Washington I'm Jim tell v.o.a.
00:03:01
News.
00:03:25
Today is Monday Nov
18th and this is v.o.a.
00:03:28
Is international edition I'm Steve Miller
in Washington coming up Hong Kong police
00:03:33
laid siege to
00:03:33
a university firing rubber bullets and
tear gas depend back anti-government
00:03:38
protesters it was the 2nd concerted attempt
by students to flee the urban campus
00:03:43
which has been surrounded by police who
have repeatedly warned they would use
00:03:47
lethal force riot police chased down
students some of whom were covered in blood
00:03:52
and the 1st week of public hearings have
included them present trumps impeachment
00:03:56
herring we take
00:03:57
a look at what's been seen and what's
next Those stories and more coming up.
00:04:04
Hong Kong police laid siege to
00:04:06
a University on Monday firing rubber
bullets and tear gas to pin back
00:04:10
anti-government protesters armed with
petrol bombs and other weapons and to stop
00:04:15
them from fleeing amid fears of
00:04:17
a bloody crackdown dozens choking on the
tear gas trying to leave the Polytechnic
00:04:23
University by breaking
through police lines after
00:04:26
a night of May have been the Chinese
ruled City and which roads were blocked
00:04:30
a bridge set on fire and
00:04:31
a police officer was shot by an arrow
the ways Bill Gallo was there.
00:04:43
Waves of skin on foot from the Hong Kong
Polytechnic University running through
00:04:48
clouds of tear gas as they tried to break
police lines it was the 2nd concerted
00:04:53
attempt by students to flee the urban
campus which has been surrounded by police
00:04:57
who have repeatedly warned they would use
lethal force riot police chased down
00:05:02
students some of whom were covered in blood
it wasn't clear how many escaped the
00:05:07
campus successfully the clashes raised
fears that the siege would end in
00:05:12
a bloody crackdown. Students barricaded
themselves on the campus and several others
00:05:17
across Hong Kong early last week stockpiling
homemade weapons such as petrol bombs
00:05:22
sling shots and bricks police have tried
to break through protester barricades but
00:05:27
were driven back by the protesters early
Monday feel weighs on police arrest dozens
00:05:32
of students who were detained with plastic
wire ties around the wrists some were
00:05:37
marched in front of reporters as they were
taken away towards waiting police vans
00:05:41
Ronald is
00:05:42
a Hong Kong or who says he supports the
students I can't imagine it is happening.
00:05:49
We are like us
00:05:49
a philosophy. We have with us things
are managed by the civilised in my
00:05:56
name. Like. Arresting someone
if tell anybody this was
00:06:04
many things that are beyond dispute.
They face the most vile lot of
00:06:11
noise inside but in an odd way violent
way I just came in response to the
00:06:18
police force thousands of riot and other
police have surrounded the campus of the
00:06:22
Hong Kong Polytechnic University for the
past day warning students to drop their
00:06:26
weapons but a hard core group
shows no signs of surrender
00:06:31
a student protester who is in contact with
friends inside the camp is told v.o.a.
00:06:35
That as many as several 100 more may be
present the clashes are some of the worst
00:06:40
violence since antigovernment protests began
in Hong Kong 5 months ago the students
00:06:45
are calling for democratic reforms in the
semi-autonomous Chinese territory Bill
00:06:49
Gallo b o news Hong Kong Hong Kong's
high court also ruled Monday that
00:06:54
a British colonial era emergency law or
revived by the government to ban protesters
00:06:59
wearing face masks was unconstitutional
and so the law was incompatible with the
00:07:04
basic law the mini constitution under which
Hong Kong returned to Chinese rule in
00:07:09
1997 In addition several Asian airlines
have cut flights to. On Kong for the coming
00:07:14
weeks and industry scheduling publication
showed as anti-government protests in the
00:07:20
city grow increasingly violence and disrupt
daily life these include routes from
00:07:25
the route to Indonesia India's Spice Jet
Malaysia's Air Asia Group South Korea's
00:07:30
Jay-Jay air and Jin air as well as
the Philippines airline and Pacific.
00:07:43
U.s. Lawmakers conducting an
impeachment investigation of u.s.
00:07:47
President dollar Trump are set for
00:07:49
a busy 2nd week of hearings with key witnesses
scheduled to testify 8 more current
00:07:54
and former government officials will appear
before the House Intelligence Committee
00:07:59
for nationally televised sessions and
joining us now on the phone is Joe Paul
00:08:03
professor at the University of California
Hastings Law School Welcome to the
00:08:06
program Joel thanks for having me Steve
so Joe I want to get your opinion on the
00:08:11
1st week of hir exam who had
00:08:14
a stronger case and who needs to do
more this 2nd week. Well I mean the
00:08:21
1st week we heard from the bass here your
bottle ditch testimony shows and then he
00:08:28
said that you're the on
00:08:29
a and that President Trump the bar guitar
as an impediment to them afterwards and
00:08:36
that they and that Giuliani had spread
this information about her intention of
00:08:42
getting her and we heard from
Ambassador. Taylor and from
00:08:50
Ken that. That they were going to
need to check in secret network and
00:08:57
that was for the event that Mr Giuliani
and missed and that's your song land you
00:09:00
were involved in. Which was actually
undermining the question of u.s.
00:09:05
Policy to you know wanted to pressure
Ukraine I truly best to get the bike moving
00:09:10
to. Russia of any responsibility for
each parents in the $26000.00 campaign
00:09:17
I think that. That those cases the
testimony of the trade records from Miller
00:09:24
was very credible and that the challenge
now for the Republicans. To try to come up
00:09:30
with
00:09:30
a coherent explanation as to why the 8 was
too late and and they have not yet succeeded
00:09:36
in doing so well as well the questions I
want to ask you because the defense on the
00:09:41
Republican side has has it shifted
00:09:42
a little bit too there was nothing
wrong to you know it wasn't
00:09:46
a great idea to do this
but it's not and peach
00:09:49
a Bill what in brief terms what is an
impeachable offense. Berman ph on the fence
00:09:56
and i Tunes in bribery or High
Crimes and Misdemeanors the.
00:10:04
Members of Congress are and then shamed
that Mr Trump was involved in bribery or
00:10:10
extortion. With regard to
Ukraine. And this may also
00:10:17
constitute high crimes and misdemeanors
which you say. A term of art been used in
00:10:23
Century to describe as abuse of power so
00:10:26
a crime. May or may not be an abuse of
power and if you see how it may or may not
00:10:33
find it necessary in the open that one of
the things that caught everyone pretty
00:10:38
much off guard on Friday was President Trump
tweeting about Ambassador you have an
00:10:42
image while she was testifying and chairman
Adam Schiff kind of testify that as
00:10:47
possibly
00:10:47
a form of witness and timid ation it
was that going too far by Mr Schiff I
00:10:56
don't I don't think that it's going too
far to say that the president continuing
00:11:02
call out these witnesses and
implicitly to threaten them as
00:11:07
a form of weakness and intimidation and
possibly with this effort I think the other
00:11:12
the other thing which is maybe more
populated president continue to. Prohibit
00:11:18
members of the executive branch take
part and as partners the White House can
00:11:23
testify and I think its efforts to try to
prevent it from going forward and testify
00:11:29
and also constitute that initiative of
tackling we about 20 seconds left I want to
00:11:34
get your take on Roger Stone who is found
guilty on all counts of lying to Congress
00:11:39
and other things related to the mother
investigation what would what does it pose
00:11:43
a threat to the president in terms of the
impeachment inquiry as well. Well I think
00:11:49
the problem with the watchers.
Dictions rather. That it undermines.
00:11:57
The president if he makes try to clear
Russia. Parish for $26.00 to connection or
00:12:03
to say if you can't pay that much. That's
00:12:10
why check the president's reputation.
And. It had contacts with.
00:12:19
That I think it's a problem that
creates a further ahead and it's
00:12:23
a good story that Giuliani wants
to crane which. Action if your
00:12:30
job Paul is
00:12:31
a professor at the University of California
Hastings Law School thank you so much
00:12:35
for your time thank you very much
and you're listening to v.o.a.
00:12:38
News. This is any minute. Neptune is so
00:12:45
far from the gravitational pull of the suns
that it provides the dominant source of
00:12:50
gravity port's planetary community which
includes 14 moons new research from NASA
00:12:55
is Jet Propulsion Laboratory uncovered
some unique choreography between 2 of
00:12:59
Neptune's tiny inner moons Nyad and although
their orbits are only 850 kilometers
00:13:06
apart the moves never get close enough
to collide thanks to what j.p.l.
00:13:10
Experts call a dance of avoidance
Nyad closest enough to has
00:13:14
a tilted orbit and zig zags up and down
in its orbital plane as it circles the
00:13:19
planet in
00:13:20
a repeating pattern known as residents Nyad
passes above the last is orbital plane
00:13:24
for 2 encounters and then passes from below
on the next 2 meetings this up and down
00:13:29
motion provides about 1000 kilometers an
additional spacing distance between the 2
00:13:34
moons as they pass each other
I'm deal ways Rick can tell
00:13:38
a 0. The
00:13:47
ways international edition continues I'm
Steve Miller the United States and South
00:13:52
Korea have indefinitely postponed
00:13:54
a joint military exercise maybe
correspondent been Thomas has more.
00:14:07
Sorry we don't appear to have that audio
we'll continue on with today's news North
00:14:12
Korea on Monday responded
to a tweet by u.s.
00:14:15
President Don Trump that hinted at another
summit between North Korean leader Kim
00:14:19
Jong un saying that has no interest in
giving Mr Trump further meetings to brag
00:14:24
about it unless something is substantial
is given in return this comes on the heels
00:14:30
of the u.s.
00:14:31
Asking its to close allies South Korea Korea
and Japan in the region to substantially
00:14:36
increase the cost burden for hosting u.s.
00:14:39
Military forces in their countries joining
us now on the phone is Bruce Clinger
00:14:44
senior research fellow for northeast Asia
at the Heritage Foundation welcome to the
00:14:48
program well thanks for having me back Steve
it's great to have you with us I want
00:14:52
to ask you about the trumpet ministration
asking South Korea and Japan to really
00:14:58
substantiate substantially increase this
car show sharing burden what is the
00:15:04
implication for u.s.
00:15:05
Foreign policy in the region with those
going to asks coming out well the president
00:15:10
is asking really for exponentially larger
compensation from both South Korea Japan
00:15:15
for hosting u.s. Forces there really
00:15:18
a 500 percent increase in South Korea
and as yet unknown number but perhaps
00:15:23
a 4 fold increase with from Japan so it
really is putting the the alliance is more
00:15:28
on
00:15:28
a transactional relationship the president
has repeatedly emphasized the cost and the
00:15:35
compensation for years the u.s.
00:15:37
Was saying that the cost of our forces in
South Korea was approximately 1500000000
00:15:42
perhaps 2000000000. And last
round of negotiations the u.s.
00:15:48
Was asking for cost plus 50 percent
of sort of implying we want to make
00:15:52
a profit on our forces overseas and now
that the demand is is even higher than that
00:15:58
it has incredible off. Does it risk these
countries saying we don't want the u.s.
00:16:05
Forces there there is very
much that risk we're seeing
00:16:09
a growing criticism in the conservative
South Korean media against the u.s.
00:16:13
Demands and talking to u.s.
00:16:15
Officials they say they have no idea where
this $5000000000.00 figure came from the
00:16:19
president just kind of pulled it out of
thin air and now they have to scramble and
00:16:22
justify why it seemingly makes sense you
know and then I've talked to conservative
00:16:28
lawmakers in South Korea who said even
last year's smaller demand risked creating
00:16:36
or resurging anti-Americanism in the
south and things are going to get very
00:16:40
political in South Korea there's
00:16:42
a national assembly election in April so
any deal that signed when it would have to
00:16:47
be done by the end of the year would have
to be ratified by the National Assembly
00:16:51
who would just allow
00:16:52
a few months later be facing election
prospects we're talking East Asia here so
00:16:57
Japan of course with that
00:16:59
a 400 percent or so increase but
Japan also hosts you know the u.s.
00:17:05
Fleet that's out there if they
in turn passed or can't work out
00:17:10
a new agreement what would that mean for
the United States in the region Well it it
00:17:15
you know I think just the basic issue
of alliances is that they are in u.s.
00:17:20
Strategic interests you know we tried
isolation and isolationism in the 1930 s.
00:17:25
Didn't work out very well and to sort of
withdraw into the castle and raise the
00:17:30
drawbridge and hope that we remain safe
behind our borders in our oceans Well again
00:17:37
911 didn't work out very well for us by
trying to withdraw from the world so it is
00:17:41
in our interest to be overseas to have
alliances It's like having policemen walking
00:17:46
around in bad neighborhoods they're trying
to deter crime and if crime does occur
00:17:51
then they can respond more quickly and
effectively so the same is true of our
00:17:54
forces overseas are trying to deter North
Korea and others from doing provoked.
00:18:00
Ivar deadly actions and to see it as some
kind of money making operation or even
00:18:05
cost neutral really goes against what has
been post World War 2 strategy Bruce
00:18:10
Kluger is
00:18:11
a senior research fellow for northeast
Asia at the Heritage Foundation thank you
00:18:15
very much for joining us well
thanks for having me Steve.
00:18:26
An airstrike slammed into
00:18:27
a biscuit factory in Libya's capital Tripoli
on Monday killing at least 7 workers
00:18:32
including 5 foreign nationals and 2 Libyans
according to health authorities Tripoli
00:18:38
has been the scene of fighting since
April between the self-styled laboring
00:18:42
national army and an array of
militias loosely allied with the u.n.
00:18:46
Supported but weak government which holds
the capital Yemen's internationally
00:18:51
recognized government return to the war
torn country Monday for the 1st time since
00:18:55
it was forced out by Southern separatists
during clashes last summer. China heard
00:19:01
the u.s. Military does not flexing
muscles in the disputed South China Sea
00:19:05
a point of persistent friction in
00:19:07
a relationship both sides
was generally improving
00:19:11
a spokesman for the Chinese Ministry of
Defense told reporters Bangkok to the South
00:19:16
China Sea was among numerous issues
discussed earlier in the day when u.s.
00:19:20
Defense secretary Mark Asper Helo's 1st
face to face meeting with the Chinese
00:19:25
defense minister. Protesters in Lebanon
00:19:32
came out and mass on Sunday marking
00:19:34
a full month of demonstrations
against government corruption and
00:19:38
a host of other grievances but after all
this time in the streets are demonstrators
00:19:42
any closer to achieving their goals via
ways Heather Murdoch has this report from
00:19:47
Beirut and Tripoli every day for the past
month protestors in Lebanon have rallied
00:19:52
in the streets calling for the country's
political in the to step down they demand
00:19:57
an end to corruption and better services
like electricity water and health care
00:20:02
some decry human rights abuses or call for
amnesty for political prisoners outside
00:20:08
of Tripoli that in arms 2nd City demonstrators
make roadblocks trying to pressure
00:20:13
the government live in the glittering can
we are in the streets every day. For
00:20:18
a month because they authorities are corrupt
and we don't believe they are taking
00:20:24
care of our country are you. Going to ask
you not going to in Beirut the roads to
00:20:30
the parliament building are cut off by
security forces some protesters camped out
00:20:35
nearby at night demonstrators rallying
expressing their rage and celebrating what
00:20:41
they call Lebanon's revolution the government
has promised some reforms and Prime
00:20:46
Minister Saad Hariri has resigned.
But the latest pick for
00:20:50
a prime minister former finance minister
Mohammad Safadi turned down the job saying
00:20:56
the current leadership
is too divided to form
00:20:59
a harmonious cabinet. Meanwhile protesters
say they don't want any of the political
00:21:05
parties in power making the transition
they're looking for turkey on the euro is
00:21:10
all but out of this it. Is very complicated
because this is not an issue about
00:21:15
stimulating with leaders like other countries
but there are many people with power
00:21:18
and corruption is deeply rooted here and I
thought I was going to tell you that on
00:21:23
those agreed to it. Was one of the month
has been mostly peaceful with the
00:21:27
exception of some clashes and the death of
00:21:30
a protester but some locals say Lebanon's
economy is already spiraling in crisis
00:21:37
and the upheaval is making it impossible
to recover even if the protesters demands
00:21:42
are met some say it may not help. Them
out it will just be another group of
00:21:49
people who want power taking it from the
current government to the power if you
00:21:52
will that are heading into
00:21:54
a 2nd month of demonstrations the movement
still appears to remain without distinct
00:21:59
leaders and it leaves to be seen if the
protests will escalate dissipate or morph
00:22:05
into something entirely different
Heather Murdoch v.o.a.
00:22:08
News Beirut there have been protests around
Australia after the alleged murder and
00:22:13
police custody of an Aboriginal man by
00:22:15
a police officer in the Northern Territory
Phil Mercer has the details on teen year
00:22:21
old Comanche war was shot dead in the remote
Indigenous settlements of Yuendumu 300
00:22:28
kilometers north west of Alice Springs in
Central Australia he died at the local
00:22:33
police station off to 2 police offices
to try to arrest him for parole breaches
00:22:40
Northern Territory Police allege the
teenager had attacked the offices there are
00:22:44
reports the Aboriginal man
was arms possibly with
00:22:48
a knife but he. Family argues that unnecessary
force was used and that the police
00:22:53
should have used to taser an electronic
stun gun to subdue him the death sparked
00:22:59
demonstrations in Alice Springs and Darwin
as well as in Sydney in Melbourne boogy
00:23:05
Sumner an indigenous elder believes police
stationed in Aboriginal settlements
00:23:10
shouldn't be allowed to carry guns. Armed.
00:23:16
Community. You take to war you don't
00:23:24
go to
00:23:24
a place where you're going to be friendly
toward. To protect them. Why not you
00:23:31
know to protect. The accused officer intends
to plead not guilty according to the
00:23:38
police union or Curry is the 2nd Aboriginal
person to have died in the past 2
00:23:44
months after being shot by police Joyce
Clark who was 29 was fatally wounded in
00:23:50
Western Australia in September or Thor it
is say the investigation into her death
00:23:55
is continuing a royal
commission in the late 1980 s.
00:24:00
Investigated Aboriginal
Deaths in Custody over
00:24:03
a 10 year periods but few of the inquiries
330 recommendations were implemented
00:24:10
in 2017 prominent Indigenous rights campaign
and all Pearson said that Aboriginal
00:24:16
Australians were the most incarcerated
people on planet Earth official figures
00:24:22
released in September show that Aboriginal
prisoners represented 28 percent of the
00:24:28
total full time adult inmate population
in Australia the nation's original
00:24:34
inhabitants make up just over 3 percent of
the Australian population film or so for
00:24:40
v.o.a.
00:24:41
News Sydney the World Health Organization
is calling for stricter regulations on
00:24:46
the marketing and sales of East cigarettes
as more and. Term Asian comes to light
00:24:51
about their potentially harmful impact
these are reports for view way from w.h.o.
00:24:56
Headquarters in Geneva health officials
are increasingly worried about the risks
00:25:01
posed by East cigarettes as reported
cases of deaths and illnesses from these
00:25:06
devices spread from the United States to
Europe and beyond they see the recent
00:25:12
death of
00:25:12
a young man in Belgium and reports of they
being related illnesses in the Philippines
00:25:17
and other countries in the world as
00:25:19
a call to action the World Health Organization
says it is disturbed that babying
00:25:25
devices continue to be marketed as products
that are healthy and they can wean
00:25:30
smokers off their
nicotine addiction w.h.o.
00:25:33
Spokesman Christian
Lindenmayer tells v.o.a.
00:25:36
These industry health claims are unproven
while these electronic nicotine delivery
00:25:42
systems may be less toxic than conventional
cigarettes This is not make them
00:25:47
harmless they produce. The vapor that
contain toxicants that can result
00:25:54
in
00:25:54
a range of significant pathological changes.
Designs pose health risks from nonsmokers
00:26:01
to minors to pregnant women all of those
who should not use our systems the u.s.
00:26:07
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
has confirmed at least 42 deaths in 24
00:26:13
states and the District of Columbia and
more than 2100 illnesses related to babying
00:26:19
products they being is an extremely profitable
growth industry the number of people
00:26:25
using babying devices has increased
from 7000000 in 2011 to $41000000.00 in
00:26:31
2018 profits have nearly tripled
from 6900000000 dollars 5 years ago
00:26:38
to more than $19000000000.00 today getting
the tobacco industry to refrain from the
00:26:44
sale of electronic smoking devices will
be extremely difficult for the world.
00:26:49
Health Organization says long term studies
of health implications of electronic
00:26:55
nicotine devices should begin
in the mean time the u.n.
00:26:58
Health agency is issuing recommendations
that in some ways never Those an actor to
00:27:05
control tobacco use w.h.o.
00:27:07
Says there should be
00:27:09
a baton on the promotion of electronic
nicotine delivery systems to non smokers
00:27:15
pregnant women and youth measures should
be taken to minimize the potential risks
00:27:20
to users and others from these devices
and the tobacco industry should be
00:27:25
prohibited from using unproven health claims
to market they being products he says
00:27:31
shrine for v.o.a.
00:27:32
News Geneva the Washington Post reports
that the Trungpa ministration is backing
00:27:37
away from
00:27:37
a plan to enforce bans on flavored fates
after receiving pushback from the industry
00:27:43
and users and that's going to do it
for us today you've been listening to
00:27:47
international edition on The Voice of
America on behalf of our producer Dan Brown
00:27:52
engineer John Dryden and managing editor
Paul Alexander thank you very much for
00:27:57
listening don't forget you can find in-depth
news and stories on our website until
00:28:02
next time I'm Steve
Miller in Washington have
00:28:05
a great day. Welcome
00:28:20
to learning the English daily 30 minute
program from the Voice of America I'm
00:28:26
Jonathan evidence and I'm Ashley Thompson
this program is aimed at English learners
00:28:33
so we speak
00:28:34
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:28:41
English. Today on the program
00:28:48
you will hear from John Russell Mario Ritter
Jr and Brian Len later we will present
00:28:55
our American history series The Making of
00:28:58
a nation. But 1st here is
John Russell. A new study
00:29:05
says that
00:29:05
a change in health recommendations my to
lead to lower cholesterol levels and more
00:29:12
treatment for people with high
levels of heart disease risk Dr punk
00:29:19
Aurora of the University of Alabama
at Birmingham led the study
00:29:26
the news is very heartening Arora
said but there is more to do
00:29:33
Heart disease is the world's leading
killer and high cholesterol is
00:29:39
a key risk factor Doctors have long
treated patients based mostly on their
00:29:46
level of so-called bad
cholesterol known as l.d.l.
00:29:53
In 2013 new guidelines in the
United States urged doctors to
00:30:00
examine people's overall heart
risk in other words the guidelines
00:30:06
recommended that doctors consider age
blood pressure diabetes and other
00:30:13
factors the idea was that people with
the highest risk would get the most
00:30:19
benefit from cholesterol lowering
medications called statens The researchers
00:30:26
studied records from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention these
00:30:33
records tracked cholesterol information
from more than 32000 adults
00:30:40
between 252016 among people taking
00:30:47
statens the average level of bad
cholesterol dropped 21 points
00:30:54
over the study period. Total cholesterol
levels and another kind of fat in the
00:31:01
blood also decreased the researchers
reported their findings in the Journal
00:31:08
of the American College of
Cardiology Dr Michael Miller is
00:31:13
a heart disease expert at the University
of Maryland Medical Center he was not
00:31:20
involved with the study Miller said
these are surprisingly impressive
00:31:26
results that together predict
00:31:29
a 15 to 20 percent reduction in
risk of heart attacks and strokes
00:31:36
in addition there was an increase in Staten
used by people with diabetes over the
00:31:43
study period that number increased
from less than half to over 60 percent
00:31:51
it's very important for those with
00:31:53
a diagnosis of diabetes to not get
that 1st heart attack said Dr
00:32:00
Neil j.
00:32:01
Stone of Northwestern University stone
led the development of the 2013
00:32:08
guidelines from the American College
of Cardiology and the American Heart
00:32:13
Association he also co-wrote
an update last year after
00:32:19
a rural warned that other high risk
groups have not seen an increase in
00:32:26
treatment. He added that still too
many people do not know if they have
00:32:32
a cholesterol problem they had Vice for
patients Dr Miller suggested getting
00:32:39
a cholesterol check if you have not
had one recently. I'm John Russell.
00:33:11
A 23 year old British woman has invented
00:33:15
a product she hopes Well one
day replace single use plastic
00:33:23
the new product is made by
combining fishing waste and algae
00:33:30
it could be used to replace plastic bags
or containers that people use one it's
00:33:38
an throw away Lucy Hughes
created the material called
00:33:45
Marina tax for her final year
project at the University of Sussex
00:33:52
the Reuters news agency says she continued
her research after she left the
00:33:58
university on Nov 13th the James Di Sun
00:34:05
Foundation announced that Hughes was
the international winner of the
00:34:11
2019 James Dyson award for design
00:34:18
Marine attacks is edible meaning
and can be without danger
00:34:24
Hughes says it also is strong
and stable. But unlike plastic
00:34:31
Marina attacks biodegrades in
$4.00 to $6.00 weeks under normal
00:34:38
conditions and does not pollute
the soil the inventor said
00:34:45
she is concerned about the growing
amounts of plastics in ocean waters
00:34:53
she noted one report that there would be
more plastic then fish in the world's
00:34:59
oceans by the year 2050 the United Nations
00:35:06
estimates that $100000000.00 tonnes of
plastic waste has already been left
00:35:13
in the oceans Hughes also was
investigating ways to reduce the
00:35:20
amount of waste from the fishing
industry the industry produces an
00:35:26
estimated $50000000.00 tonnes of
waste worldwide each year u.n.
00:35:33
Officials say huge told
Reuters that she was
00:35:40
trying to work out how I could use
the waste stream and add value to
00:35:46
that waste examining fish parts
left over from processing
00:35:54
help to give her the idea for
00:35:57
a material that was useful and
did not harm the environment
00:36:04
why do we need to have hundreds of
manmade polymers when nature has so
00:36:11
many already available she asked to create
00:36:16
a strong material Hughes
added the molecule Kut-O.
00:36:21
San which comes from sea
creatures like crabs and Gar
00:36:28
substance from red algae. After
months of testing Hughes
00:36:34
produced
00:36:35
a strong flexible sheet that forms
at temperatures below $100.00
00:36:42
degrees Celsius inventor
James Dyson said that
00:36:48
Marine attacks is stronger safer
and much more sustainable
00:36:55
than the plastic polyethylene it
is also easier to break down or
00:37:02
compost then other possible
replacement products for polyethylene
00:37:10
the material that single use
plastic bags are made of
00:37:16
Hughes will receive about $41000.00
in prize money as the 1st
00:37:23
place winner of the James Dyson
award she told Reuters that
00:37:30
she plans to use the money to further
develop the product and ways to mass
00:37:37
produce it. Further research and
development will ensure that
00:37:44
Marine attacks evolves
further and becomes part of
00:37:49
a global answer to the abundance
of single use plastic waste Dyson
00:37:55
said. I'm Mario Rhetor Jr.
00:38:24
A new study suggests that dog training
methods based on negative punishments
00:38:31
can cause long term harm to the
animal much research in the
00:38:38
past has studied training methods in
general including for dogs working with
00:38:44
police or with search and rescue
operations but the latest
00:38:51
study centered on dogs kept as
companion animals for humans
00:38:58
such dogs are often considered part of
the family and need training on how to
00:39:04
behave around people
researchers from Portugal's
00:39:11
University of Porto led the study
the researchers carried out
00:39:18
experiments involving 2 kinds of
dog training methods of verse of
00:39:24
and reward based aversive methods
depend on the use of some
00:39:31
kind of negative action in
answer to unwanted behaviors.
00:39:38
Examples of this include shouting pushing
or pulling the dog to force it to do
00:39:45
something or using special collars
that put pressure on the neck
00:39:52
reward based methods involve giving
the dog food praise or attention when
00:39:58
the animal completes wanted
behaviors the study included 92
00:40:05
dogs that were attending training
schools in Portugal 50 of the dogs
00:40:12
received aversive training while 42
were trained using reward based methods
00:40:20
the experiments were designed to measure
both short term and long term effects of
00:40:26
the 2 training methods the dogs
were video recorded during training
00:40:33
sessions so researchers could observe
their reactions to the training
00:40:40
researchers also collected mouth fluid from
the dogs before and after the training
00:40:46
to test for levels of
00:40:48
a stress causing hormone
called cortisol researchers
00:40:55
reported that dogs from the aversive
training group were observed to have more
00:41:01
stress related behaviors than those
in the reward based group they also
00:41:08
showed increased levels of cortisol
The study suggests these results
00:41:14
clearly demonstrate the short term
effects of verse of training methods
00:41:22
another part of the experiment was designed
to measure the long term effects of the
00:41:27
2 different methods This involved the
dogs taking part in an exercise about
00:41:34
a month after the training
sessions the dogs were put in
00:41:39
a room containing food bowls.
Researchers observed how quickly and
00:41:46
excitedly The dogs went to the polls
the researchers reported that the dogs
00:41:53
receiving aversive training were observed
to be more pessimistic in behaviors in
00:41:59
the room than the ones trained
with rewards the latest studies
00:42:05
supports earlier research on the
effectiveness of reward based training
00:42:13
many other studies have suggested that
food is the best reward to get dogs to
00:42:19
perform the behaviors we want
one of those studies was led by
00:42:26
Eric a few bucker
00:42:28
a professor at for junior Tech in
Blacksburg Virginia her study compared
00:42:35
a food reward to
00:42:37
a reward of petting or praising the
animal few bucker told the Associated
00:42:44
Press the dogs were clear about what
reward they liked better vill work
00:42:51
harder and respond faster for food
then for social interaction she said
00:42:59
few bucks are noted for example that
research has found that dogs were likely to
00:43:05
stay near
00:43:06
a person praising them for the same amount
of time as if they were being ignored
00:43:14
Zazi Todd is the writer of
00:43:16
a forthcoming book called Wag the
science of making your dog happy she
00:43:23
told the a.p.
00:43:24
That people clearly should not expect
00:43:27
a dog to obey just because they
love them if only it was like that
00:43:34
she said tada added If your
boss stopped paying you you'd
00:43:41
probably stop going to work pretty quickly
you need to motivate your dog to.
00:43:49
Some dog trainers teach the use of life
rewards which could include play or
00:43:55
taking the dog for
00:43:57
a walk Tod says these can be
useful especially to help keep
00:44:03
behaviors the dog has already
learned however for most everyday
00:44:09
behaviors most people want to teach
food rewards are just quicker and
00:44:16
easier she said I am Brian Len.
00:44:34
Welcome to the making of a
nation American history in vo
00:44:40
a special English in October of $1859.00
00:44:45
a group of anti-slavery extremists
attacked the town of Harpers Ferry
00:44:52
Harpers Ferry was part of Virginia then
today it is located in West Virginia
00:45:00
the attackers were led by John
Browne they seized a gun factory and
00:45:06
a Federal Supply center where military
equipment was kept they planned to use the
00:45:13
guns and equipment to organize
00:45:15
a rebel army of slaves
Harry Monroe and cake
00:45:20
a lad tell us what happened to John
Brown after he seized Harper's Ferry
00:45:28
the president of the United
States in 859 was James Buchanan
00:45:34
when Buchanan learned of the attack
he wanted immediate action he sent
00:45:41
a force of Marines to Harpers Ferry under
the command of Army Colonel Robert
00:45:48
e.
00:45:48
Lee. John Brown had attacked
with about 20 men several
00:45:56
including 2 of his sons had
been killed by local militia
00:46:03
he and his remaining men with a grew to
00:46:07
a small brick building. Be
00:46:10
a track had failed not one slave
had come to Harpers Ferry
00:46:17
to help Brown the few whom his
men had freed had refused
00:46:24
to fight when the shootings started
Brown could not understand the
00:46:31
fear that kept the slaves from
fighting for their freedom
00:46:38
Brown and his men were trapped
inside the brick building they held
00:46:43
a few hostages whom they hoped to
exchange for their freedom Colonel Levy
00:46:50
wrote
00:46:51
a message to John Brown demanding his
surrender he did not think Brown would
00:46:57
surrender peaceably so he planned to
attack as soon as Brown rejected the
00:47:04
message he felt this was the surest
way to save the lives of the hostages
00:47:12
as expected Brown refused to surrender
he said he and his men had the
00:47:19
right to go free as soon as Brown
spoke the signal was given the
00:47:25
Marines attacked they broke open
00:47:29
a small hole in the door of the brick
building one by one the Marines move
00:47:36
through the hole they fought hand to
hand against the men inside after
00:47:42
a brief fight they won John
Brown's rebellion was crushed.
00:47:49
A few hours after Brown was captured the
governor of Virginia and 3 Congressman
00:47:56
arrived in Harpers Ferry they
wanted to question Brown Brown
00:48:03
had been wounded in the final attack
he was weak from the loss of blood but
00:48:10
he welcomed the chance to explain
his actions the oficial 1st
00:48:17
asked where Brown got the money to
are going to eyes his raid Brown
00:48:23
said he raised the most of it himself
he refused to give the names of
00:48:30
any of his supporters then Leo
officials asked why Brown
00:48:37
had come to Harpers Ferry we came
to free the slaves Brown said
00:48:45
and only that he continued I
think that you are guilty
00:48:52
of
00:48:52
a great wrong against God and humanity
I believe anyone would be perfectly
00:48:59
right to interfere with you so far
as to free those you wickedly
00:49:06
hold in slavery I think
I did right you had
00:49:13
better all you people of the
South prepare yourselves for
00:49:19
a settlement sooner than you are
prepared for it you may get rid of
00:49:25
me very easily I am
nearly gone now but this
00:49:32
question is still to be settled
this negro question I mean.
00:49:39
That is not yet ended.
00:49:54
The raid on Harper's Ferry increased the
bitterness of the national dispute over
00:50:00
slavery members of the
Democratic Party called the raid
00:50:06
a plot by the Republican Party
Republican leaders deny the
00:50:12
charge they said the raid
was the work of one man one
00:50:18
madman John Brown still
they said he had acted for
00:50:25
a good reason to end slavery
in America Southern newspapers
00:50:32
condemned Brown Some said his
raid was an act of war some
00:50:39
demanded that he be executed as
00:50:41
a thief and murderer and then he saw
the nurse said all of the North was
00:50:47
responsible for the raid they
believed all northerners wanted
00:50:53
a slave rebellion in the
south and it was such
00:50:57
a rebellion that Southerners feared
more than anything else new measures
00:51:04
were approved throughout the South to
prevent this military law was declared in
00:51:11
some areas slave owners threatening
to beat or hang any negro who
00:51:18
even looked rebellious The fear of
00:51:22
a slave rebellion and united the
people of the South for years rich
00:51:29
slave owners had talked of taking the
southern states out of the Union to
00:51:35
save their way of life. But
those who had no slaves
00:51:42
opposed to the idea of disunion
John Brown's raid changed
00:51:49
that after his attack on Harper's
Ferry the south spoke with one
00:51:56
voice all Southerners declared that
they would fight to protect their
00:52:03
homes from
00:52:04
a negro rebellion or from another
attack by men like brown
00:52:11
feelings were especially high in Virginia
the state in which the raid took
00:52:18
place virgin Younes wanted Brown
punished quickly to show what would
00:52:25
happen to anyone who tried to lead
00:52:29
a negro rebellion there was some
question whether Brown should be
00:52:36
tried in a federal court or
00:52:39
a state court Brown's raid took
place within the borders of
00:52:45
a state but the property he says
belonged to the federal government
00:52:53
the governor of Virginia
decided to try brown in
00:52:57
a state court he believed
00:53:00
a federal court trial would take too
long if Brown were not brought to
00:53:06
trial quickly he said people might
attack the jail and kill him.
00:53:31
Brown was being held in Charles Town
00:53:34
a few kilometers from Harpers
Ferry. The court there named 2
00:53:40
lawyers to defend him
00:53:43
a doctor examined Brown he reported
that Brown's wounds were not serious
00:53:50
enough to prevent the trial
from starting Brown lay in
00:53:55
a bed in the courtroom throughout the
trial John Brown's lawyers tried to
00:54:02
show that his family had
00:54:04
a history of madness they tried to
prove that brown too was mad they
00:54:11
asked
00:54:11
a court to declare him innocent because
of insanity Brown protested he
00:54:18
said the lawyers were just trying to
save his life he did not want such
00:54:24
a defense the matter of
insanity was dropped Brown's
00:54:31
lawyers then argued that he was not
guilty of the 3 crimes with which he
00:54:38
was charged 1st they said he
could not be guilty of treason
00:54:45
against a Virginia because he was not
00:54:48
a citizen of Virginia 2nd he
could not be guilty of plotting
00:54:54
a slave rebellion because he had never
incited slaves against their owners
00:55:02
and 3rd he could not begin to of
murder because he had killed only in
00:55:09
self defense the trial lasted 5 days the
00:55:16
jury found John Brown guilty
of all 3 charges. The
00:55:22
judge asked Brown if he wanted to make
00:55:26
a statement before being sentenced
Brown did he declared that he had
00:55:32
not planned to start
00:55:34
a slave rebellion he said he only wanted
to free some slaves and take them to
00:55:41
Canada Brown's statement was
strong but it was not true
00:55:47
he had in fact planned to organize an army
of slaves to fight for their freedom.
00:55:55
He acted in the belief that slaves throughout
the South would rise up against their
00:56:01
owners and join he and Brown's
words did not move the judge
00:56:08
he said he could find no reason to question
the jury's decision that Brown was
00:56:14
guilty he sentenced Brown
to be hanged one of Brown's
00:56:20
supporters attempted to find
00:56:23
a way to free Brown from jail
several plans were proposed
00:56:29
none were tried Brown himself
did not want to escape
00:56:36
he said he could do more to destroy
slavery by hanging than by staying
00:56:43
alive John Brown was
executed on December 2nd
00:56:50
1859 his death created
00:56:54
a wave of public emotion throughout
the country in the north people more
00:57:01
and one man wrote the advent
of the last month or 2 have
00:57:08
done more to build northern opposition
to slavery than anything which has
00:57:15
ever happened before than all the
enterprise slavery pamphlets and books
00:57:22
that have ever been written.
He in the south people cheered
00:57:29
but their happiness at Brown's punishment
was mixed with anger at those who honored
00:57:36
him as the nation prepared for
00:57:39
a presidential election year the
South renewed its promise to defend
00:57:46
slavery or leave the Union. And that's
00:57:53
our program for today listen again
tomorrow to learn English 3 stories from
00:57:59
around the world I'm Jonathan
Evans and I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:58:18
This is the News I'm Melissa Melton
dozens of Hong Kong protesters staged
00:58:23
a dramatic escape from
00:58:24
a university campus sealed off by the
lease they slid down plastic osing from
00:58:28
a bridge and fled on waiting motorbikes
the Bill Gallo has more on the protests
00:58:33
was waves excuse
00:58:41
me on foot and the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University running through clouds of tear
00:58:45
gas is the try to break police lines it
was the 2nd concerted attempt by students
00:58:50
to free the urban campus which has been
surrounded by police who have repeatedly
00:58:55
warned they would use lethal force riot
police chased down students some of whom
00:59:00
were covered in blood it wasn't clear how
many have escaped the campus successfully
00:59:05
the clashes raised fears
that the siege would end in
00:59:08
a bloody crackdown police have tried to
break through protester barricades but were
00:59:13
driven back by the protesters Bill
Gallo b o news Hong Kong u.s.
00:59:18
President Donald Trump says he might be
willing to testify in the impeachment and
00:59:22
gray over his dealings with Ukraine Rita
Foley has more president says he will
00:59:27
strongly consider testifying in the impeachment
investigation the president says he
00:59:32
did nothing wrong and he doesn't like
giving credibility do they know due process
00:59:37
hoax but he suggested in a pair of tweets
he might testify in writing this comes
00:59:43
a day after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
publicly invited the president to tell his
00:59:48
side of the story saying that if he has
information that exonerates him they would
00:59:52
look forward to hearing it read Avali
Washington Human Rights Watch says fatal
00:59:58
attacks on protesters in Sudan in June may
amount to crimes against humanity the
01:00:03
group has released
01:00:04
a new report detailing the Sudanese
security forces abuse of protesters from
01:00:11
Washington d.c. You're listening to v.o.a.
01:00:13
News. Iranian state media says Iran's
Revolutionary Guards are warning
01:00:20
anti-government protestors of decisive
action if unrest over gasoline price hikes
01:00:25
don't doesn't cease the protest have spread
across the country since Friday in Iraq
01:00:30
protesters have once again blocked the
entrance to the port near Basra Reuters
01:00:35
Emily cicle has more protestors of once
again block the entrance to Iraq's
01:00:41
commodities pull. The standoff is preventing
employees and tank is from entering
01:00:47
and has brought operations down by 50
percent one source told if it continues
01:00:53
operations will come to
01:00:54
a complete halt by the end of the day since
anti-government protests began early
01:00:59
October the port is being blocked twice
before but protesters who are demanding the
01:01:05
overthrow of
01:01:06
a political class seen as corrupt and
beholden to foreign interests have shown no
01:01:11
sign of backing down despite the fact.
Notes
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